Comprehensive Home Inspection Checklist: Top 20 Elements to Check

Home Inspection Checklist

1. Foundation Integrity
2. Water Damage and Mold
3. Brickwork and Chimney check
4. Decks and Porches
5. Electrical System & Internet
6. Flooring Condition
7. Insulation Quality
8. Parking Availability
9. Plumbing System
10. Roof Condition
11. Sewage and Drainage
12. Gutters and Downspouts
13. Window Efficiency
14. Landscaping and Exterior
15. Pest and Insect Inspection
16. Home Appliances
17. Interior Paint and Wall Condition
18. HVAC System
19. Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors
20. Zoning and Future Development

Inspect Foundation Integrity

Examine the foundation for cracks or shifts, as repairs can be costly, ranging from $1,000 to over $10,000. Foundation issues can lead to serious structural problems. Look for cracks wider than 1/4 inch, especially horizontal cracks, which are more concerning.

Check for Water Damage and Mold

Brickwork and Chimney Check

Examine the brickwork closely, particularly around the chimney. Signs of deterioration, such as chipping, crumbling bricks, or deteriorating mortar, suggest potential structural issues. The cost of repairing brickwork varies widely, but chimney repairs specifically can range from $150 for minor fixes to over $5,000 for major reconstructions. Look for water damage or efflorescence (white salt deposits), which indicate moisture issues.

Decks and Porches

Check for rotting wood, structural damage, or splintering, even under a fresh coat of paint. Repair costs vary, typically between $500 and $2,600, but can escalate for extensive damage. Pay attention to stability and whether the deck is level, as sloping can indicate foundational or soil issues.

Electrical System and Internet

For older homes, ensure the electrical system is updated. A 200-amp panel is ideal for modern usage, while 60 or 100-amp panels may be inadequate and require upgrading. Full rewiring can be a significant expense. Look for signs like frequent tripping of circuit breakers or flickering lights.

Flooring Condition

Inspect the floors, especially hardwood, for signs of wear, scratches, or damage. Refinishing costs typically range from $3 to $8 per square foot, with the total cost depending on the floor area and the type of wood. Uneven floors can indicate foundational issues, so it’s important to check for levelness.

Insulation Quality

Assess insulation, particularly in older homes. Inadequate insulation leads to higher heating costs. Adding insulation costs between $1,000 and $3,000 (Ottawa) but can reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 15%. Check the attic and walls for insulation levels and type.

Parking Availability

Evaluate parking options, especially in urban areas. Adding a driveway can cost several thousand dollars while obtaining a parking permit depends on city regulations. The lack of parking can impact the home’s value and daily convenience.

Plumbing System

Inspect plumbing for material type and condition. Lead pipes indicate a need for future upgrades, costing between $500 and over $2,600, but depends on the project size. Check for leaks, water pressure issues, and potential signs of corrosion or damage.

Roof Condition

Inspecting the roof is another vital element of any home inspection checklist, given its significant role in the overall integrity and safety of a home. Roofs are generally designed to last between 20 to 25 years, but this lifespan can vary based on factors such as material quality, weather conditions, and maintenance. The cost of replacing a 2000 sq ft roof typically ranges from $10,000 to $15,000, depending on the size of the house and the materials used.

When examining the roof, it’s important to look for signs that could indicate wear or damage. Missing shingles are a clear sign of deterioration, and they can lead to leaks and further damage if not addressed.

Additionally, inspect for any signs of water damage in the attic, such as water stains or a musty smell, which can indicate leakage. It’s also advisable to check for any sagging areas or signs of structural damage, as these can be indicators of a more serious underlying issue.

Sewage and Drainage

Hire a professional to check the sewer system and drainage. Costs for inspection range between $250 and $500. An outdated sewage system can lead to significant repair costs and impact the home’s plumbing system.

Gutters and Downspouts

It is essential to thoroughly inspect the gutters and downspouts of a home to ensure they are in optimal condition. Verify that they are securely attached and not showing signs of detachment or damage. The gutters should be free of debris, such as leaves and twigs, which can cause blockages and impede water flow. Properly functioning gutters and downspouts are crucial for effectively directing rainwater away from the home’s foundation, preventing potential water damage.

Window Efficiency

Single-pane windows in older homes often require upgrading. Replacing windows can cost around $650 per window but improve energy efficiency, potentially saving a few hundred dollars annually in heating and cooling costs.

Landscaping and Exterior

Check landscaping for proper drainage and maintenance. Poor landscaping can lead to water damage and foundation issues. If your home lacks proper drainage, such as channels directing water away from the house, your sump pump may have to work overtime. This extra strain can lead to more frequent problems and a shorter lifespan for the pump. Assess trees for potential hazards to the house.

Pest and Insect Inspection

Be vigilant for signs of pests or insects, as infestations can be costly to eradicate. Termite inspections, for example, cost between $50 and $280, but untreated infestations can lead to thousands in damage.

Home Appliances

Assess the age and condition of included appliances. Replacing appliances like refrigerators or ovens can cost from $400 to $8,000. Energy-efficient appliances can save on utility bills in the long term.

Interior Paint and Wall Condition

Examine the condition of the interior paint and walls. In older homes, check for lead-based paint, which is hazardous and expensive to remove. Cracks or bulges in walls can indicate structural issues.

HVAC System

Check the HVAC system’s age and functionality. A new system costs between $5,000 and $10,000 but is essential for comfort and energy efficiency. Look for signs of poor maintenance, like unusual noises or uneven heating/cooling.

Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors

Ensure the presence and functionality of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. This is a low-cost but vital safety feature. Replacing detectors is inexpensive but crucial for home safety.

Zoning and Future Development

Research local zoning laws and planned developments, as they can affect the property’s future value and your quality of life. Changes in zoning or new developments can impact traffic, noise levels, and neighborhood dynamics.

Conclusion

By meticulously examining each of the 20 key elements outlined in this home inspection checklist, from the integrity of the brickwork to the efficiency of the heating system, you’re not just investing in a property; you’re ensuring peace of mind and securing your future.